Recent Trends in Income Inequality in Finland

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to discuss the determinants of the U.S. dollar real exchange rate fluctuation. We focus our analysis on a nominal exchange rate effect on tradable prices. We explicitly consider the effects of profit maximizing foreign firms’ entry decisions on the domestic tradable prices through the supply changes after a large appreciation. If firms face sunk entry costs when breaking into foreign markets, the extent of pass-through will depend on the expected changes of nominal exchange rate. Typically, exchange rate uncertainty is determined as a volatility of continuos time series process. We enlarge the discussion to consider also possible jumps in the expected exchange rate time path. Finally, an interesting perspective is provided by a real option approach that emphasize dynamic supply effects through sunk costs and uncertainty.